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IRIX Base Documentation 1998 November
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IRIX 6.5.2 Base Documentation November 1998.img
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usr
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share
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catman
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u_man
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cat1
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passwd.z
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passwd
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1998-10-20
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14KB
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331 lines
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
passwd - change login password and password attributes
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd [ _n_a_m_e ]
ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd [ ----llll | ----dddd ] [ ----nnnn _m_i_n ] [ ----ffff ] [ ----xxxx _m_a_x ] [ ----wwww _w_a_r_n ] _n_a_m_e
ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----ssss [ ----aaaa ]
ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----ssss [ _n_a_m_e ]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
The _p_a_s_s_w_d command changes the password or lists password attributes
associated with the user's login _n_a_m_e. Additionally, super-users may use
_p_a_s_s_w_d to install or change passwords and attributes associated with any
login _n_a_m_e. Passwords for NIS entries that don't override the _p_a_s_s_w_d
field with a local value must be changed with _y_p_p_a_s_s_w_d(1).
When used to change a password, _p_a_s_s_w_d prompts ordinary users for their
old password, if any. It then prompts for the new password twice. The
first time the new password is entered _p_a_s_s_w_d checks to see if the old
password has ``aged'' sufficiently. (Aging is not supported for NIS
entries, even if they have locally overrriden passwords.) Password
"aging" is the amount of time (usually a certain number of days) that
must elapse between password changes. If ``aging'' is insufficient the
new password is rejected and _p_a_s_s_w_d terminates; see _p_a_s_s_w_d(4).
Assuming ``aging'' is sufficient, a check is made to insure that the new
password meets construction requirements. When the new password is
entered a second time, the two copies of the new password are compared.
If the two copies are not identical the cycle of prompting for the new
password is repeated for at most two more times.
Passwords must be constructed to meet the following requirements:
Each password must have at least six characters. Only the first
eight characters are significant.
Each password must contain at least two alphabetic characters and at
least one numeric or special character. In this case,
``alphabetic'' means upper and lower case letters.
Each password must differ from the user's login _n_a_m_e and any reverse
or circular shift of that login _n_a_m_e. For comparison purposes, an
upper case letter and its corresponding lower case letter are
equivalent.
New passwords must differ from the old by at least three characters.
For comparison purposes, an upper case letter and its corresponding
lower case letter are equivalent.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
One whose effective user ID is zero is called a super-user; see _i_d(1),
and _s_u(1). Super-users may change any password; hence, _p_a_s_s_w_d does not
prompt super-users for the old password. Super-users are not forced to
comply with password aging and password construction requirements. A
super-user can create a null password by entering a carriage return in
response to the prompt for a new password. (This differs from ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd ----dddd
because the "password" prompt will still be displayed.)
Any user may use the ----ssss option to show password attributes for his or her
own login _n_a_m_e.
The format of the display will be:
_n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _u_i_d _g_i_d _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l mm/dd/yy _m_i_n _m_a_x
or, if password aging information is not present,
_n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _u_i_d _g_i_d _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l
or, if the entry is from NIS,
_n_a_m_e _s_t_a_t_u_s _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y _s_h_e_l_l
where
_n_a_m_e The login ID of the user.
_s_t_a_t_u_s The password status of _n_a_m_e: "PS" stands for passworded or
locked, "LK" stands for locked, and "NP" stands for no
password.
_u_i_d Numerical user ID
_g_i_d Numerical group ID
_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y Initial working directory
_s_h_e_l_l program to use as Shell when the user logs in.
_m_m/_d_d/_y_y The date password was last changed for _n_a_m_e. (Because all
password aging dates are determined using Greenwich Mean Time
and /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d stores the information in weeks, the date may
differ by as much as a week depending upon the local time
zone.)
_m_i_n The minimum number of days required between password changes
for _n_a_m_e.
_m_a_x The maximum number of days the password is valid for _n_a_m_e.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
Only a super-user can use the following options:
----llll Locks password entry for _n_a_m_e, preventing all logins to that
account, except via the _r_h_o_s_t_s(4) mechanism. Note that this
feature allows a denial of service attack that may require
booting from the miniroot to fix, as even the root accounts can
be locked out.
----dddd Deletes password for _n_a_m_e. The login _n_a_m_e will not be prompted
for password.
----nnnn Set minimum field for _n_a_m_e. The _m_i_n field contains the minimum
number of days between password changes for _n_a_m_e. If _m_i_n is
greater than _m_a_x, the user may not change the password. Always
use this option with the ----xxxx option, unless _m_a_x is set to -1 or
0 (aging turned off). In that case, _m_i_n need not be set.
----xxxx Set maximum field for _n_a_m_e. The _m_a_x field contains the number
of days that the password is valid for _n_a_m_e. The aging for
_n_a_m_e will be turned off immediately if _m_a_x is set to -1. If it
is set to 0, then the user is forced to change the password at
the next login session and aging is turned off. If _m_a_x is less
than _m_i_n, only the super-user can change this user's password.
----aaaa Show password attributes for all entries. Use only with ----ssss
option; _n_a_m_e must not be provided.
----ffff Force the user to change password at the next login by expiring
the password for _n_a_m_e.
----wwww The _w_a_r_n argument indicates the number of days before the
password expires that the user is warned.
The behavior of the program is influenced by the content of
/_e_t_c/_d_e_f_a_u_l_t/_p_a_s_s_w_d if this file exists. The file is not supplied with
the system, but may be locally created and modified as need be. If the
file is not present, the default behaviors described below are followed.
The following items are recognized:
HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTOOOORRRRYYYYCCCCNNNNTTTT====nnnn
the number of previous passwords to retain in /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d._h_i_s_t_o_r_y
for each system user. The default behavior is to not retain any
(and to not create the file). Previously used passwords found in
the history file may not be reused until HISTORYCNT other passwords
have been used, or HISTORYDAYS have elapsed. The superuser may
supply any password for a user, including previously used ones.
This superuser supplied password is retained in the history file.
The maximum value is 25.
HHHHIIIISSSSTTTTOOOORRRRYYYYDDDDAAAAYYYYSSSS====nnnn
the number of days to retain and check for previously used
passwords. The default behavior is to not retain any (and to not
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
create the history file). The maximum value is 730 (approximately
two years). If HISTORYCNT has not been specified and this parameter
has been, HISTORYCNT is set to 25. Smaller values of HISTORYCNT may
be specified.
MMMMAAAAXXXXWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
the maximum number of weeks that the password is valid. The default
behavior is to not set a value. This is equivalent to the -_x _X_X
command line arguments.
MMMMIIIINNNNWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
minimum number of weeks between password changes (part of password
aging). The default behavior is to not set a value. This is
equivalent to the -_n _X_X command line arguments.
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSGGGGEEEENNNN====////ppppaaaatttthhhh
external program to be invoked to supply generated passwords. The
default behavior is to not have such a program. The program is
invoked in lieu of getting a password from the user. The user must
select one of the choices offered. The superuser may still supply
passwords, and is not presented with the generated passwords. The
program must be specified as a full pathname (starts with /). It
should produce the passwords on separate lines with a trailing new
line character on its stdout which is read by _p_a_s_s_w_d and presented
to the user. Up to 20 generated passwords may be supplied by the
program. If it generates more than 20, an error message is printed
and no passwords are presented. No generating programs are supplied
with the system.
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSLLLLEEEENNNNGGGGTTTTHHHH====nnnn
minimum length of an acceptable password. This defaults to 6, and
has a maximum value of 8.
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDDVVVVAAAALLLLIIIIDDDDAAAATTTTEEEE====////ppppaaaatttthhhh
external program to be invoked to validate a new password. The
default behavior is to not have such a program. The program is
invoked after the basic validation steps discussed above. It must be
specified as a full pathname (starts with /). The program receives
the new password in the clear, with a trailing new line, on its
standard input, which is closed after writing this one line. The
_p_a_s_s_w_d program issues a _w_a_i_t(2) and obtains the exit status of the
external validation program. Exit status of 0 indicates the new
password is acceptable, all other status values indicate an error
and the new password is not accepted. Passwords being changed by the
superuser are not subject to this validation. No external
validation programs are supplied with the system.
WWWWAAAARRRRNNNNWWWWEEEEEEEEKKKKSSSS====nnnn
number of weeks before password expiration to begin warning the
user. The default behavior is to not set a value. This is
equivalent to the -_w _X_X comand line arguments.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111)))) PPPPAAAASSSSSSSSWWWWDDDD((((1111))))
NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEE
Aging does not work with NIS entries, even if the password is locally
overridden.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/etc/passwd, /etc/opasswd, /etc/.pwd.lock, /etc/shadow, /etc/oshadow,
/etc/default/passwd, /etc/passwd.history
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
id(1M), login(1), su(1M).
yppasswd(1) for NIS passwords.
crypt(3C), passwd(4), shadow(4).
DDDDIIIIAAAAGGGGNNNNOOOOSSSSTTTTIIIICCCCSSSS
The ppppaaaasssssssswwwwdddd command exits with one of the following values:
0 SUCCESS.
1 Permission denied.
2 Invalid combination of options.
3 File manipulation error.
4 Old password or shadow password file cannot be recovered.
5 Password file(s) busy. Try again later.
6 Invalid argument to option.
7 Unexpected failure. Password file unchanged.
8 Unknown login name.
9 Password aging is disabled.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 5555